世界生产体系的剧变与发展中国家的际遇

Upheaval in the World's Production System and Opportunities for Developing Countries

随着生产碎片化的进一步强化和深化,区域性与全球性生产链的迅速出现和扩大从根本上改变了许多发展中国家与经济体进行工业化和经济发展的条件。它们现在不再需要通过生产完整的产品来相互竞争或与发达国家竞争;它们只需善于生产其中的某些部件或子部件。这一世界生产体系的变化,直接降低了一个国家在工业化过程中面临的技术和资金门槛,并为其中小企业切实融入区域性与全球性生产链提供了广阔的空间。同时,发展中国家面临两类重大挑战:一方面,它们需要在交通与通信基础设施以及人力资本方面大力投资;另一方面,它们将在发展过程中面临更多的冲击和日益上升的供应链风险。

The rapid emergence and expansion of regional and global production chains, powered by increased deepening and intensification of production fragmentations, has fundamentally altered the regime of world production and reshaped the conditions for industrialization and economic development for many developing countries. No longer do these countries have to competeby producing full production, but some components, or sub-components of them. It lowers the technological and capital thresholds and offers the small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) in developing countries greater scope of integrating with the regional and global chains. It also offers them new sources of investible surpluses. However, in order to benefit fully from these improved conditions and opportunities and avoiding the risks, developing countries will have to invest adequately in transport, ICT infrastructuresand human capital.