儒道比较视域下的孔子教师形象

A Study of Confucius' Images of Teacher by Comparing Taoism and Confucianism' Visons

孔子之道与道家之道具有不同的内涵,这是儒道两家对孔子教师形象持有不同认识的根本原因。孔子志在通过重建周代礼乐教化的努力提升个体生命价值并以此构建群体和谐。道家则基于"道法自然",主张自然无为,返朴归真。延伸到教育层面,孔子从周代文献典制生发出的道德论,在道家看来非但无法承载救世的理想,反而是对人性的桎梏。总体而言,儒道互镜下的孔子教师形象既有互歧之处,也有共通之处。孔子以博大的胸怀、高尚的德行修养和渊博的学识赢得了儒道两家的共同认可,其在文献传承、经学开辟、教育传播和政治文化等方面的贡献,一举奠定了他在中国教师史上的独特地位。

Confucius＇s Tao is different from Taoisms Tao. This differences is the reason why Confuciuss images of teacher shows in different ways. Confucius devotes himself to rebuild the Zhou dynastys rites and music in order to promote ones life and to build a harmony society. Taoism hold the opinion of inaction. In the aspect of education, Confucius grows his morality from Zhou dynastys literature which to be seen as a constraint to peoples natural spirit. Totally speaking, by comparing these two visions of Taoism and Confucianist, we can find the images of Confucius has differences and common points. Confucius makes great contribution on literature heritage, Classics, education and political culture of ancient China, which makes him the greatest teachers in history.