屏障法和药物干预男性避孕的研究进展

Research advances of barrier methods and pharmaceutical intervention methods in male contraception

男性避孕可分为屏障法、药物干预法和其他三类。屏障法包括避孕套、输精管结扎术、可逆性抑精剂(RISUG)、Vasalgel等,药物干预分为激素类和非激素类。激素类男性避孕药基于下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的负反馈调节影响精子发生达到避孕目的。大多数非激素类避孕药因其具有特异性高、毒副作用低和可逆性恢复等优点而成为开发热点。其他有应用射线、微波、纳米物质、高温封闭等研究开发避孕的方法。本文主要对屏障法和药物干预法进行系统综述。

Male contraceptive methods can be divided into barrier methods, pharmaceutical intervention methods and the other. Barrier methods include condoms, vasoligation, reversible inhibition sperm under guidance（RISUG） and Vasalgel, etc. Pharmaceutical intervention methods can be further classified as hormonal and non-hormonal male contraceptive. Hormone-based male contraceptives based on negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis affect spermatogenesis for contraceptive purposes. Development of non-hormonal male contraceptive is a trend because of the advantages of high specificity, hypotoxicity and reversibility. In addition, there are some contraceptive researches by the use of radiation, microwaves, nanomaterials, and high-temperature sealing. Herein we focus on a systematic review of barrier methods and pharmaceutical intervention methods.