施磷对机采棉养分吸收与磷利用效率的影响

Influence of Phosphorus Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Cotton under Mechanical Harvest Cropping Model

研究不同磷肥施用量对新疆机采棉主栽模式[1膜6行(10+66+10+66+10)cm]下棉花养分吸收与磷利用效率的影响,可为机采棉磷肥合理运筹提供理论依据。以新陆早57为研究对象,采用田间试验研究了5个不同磷肥(P_2O_5)处理(0、75 kg/hm^2、150 kg/hm^2、300 kg/hm^2、450 kg/hm^2)对机采棉干物质积累、各生育时期N、P、K素积累量、磷利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明:适量增加磷肥施用量有利于机采棉干物质积累量、产量和N、P、K素积累量的提高,尤以磷肥施用量在75~150 kg/hm^2范围内最高。花铃期机采棉干物质积累量、产量和各器官N、P、K素积累量分别较对照平均增加了9.85%、24.2%、6.24%、27.1%和51.6%;磷肥利用率、农学利用率和偏生产率随磷肥施用量的增加而降低,其中75 kg/hm^2处理最高,为2.4%、13.50 kg/hm^2和67.39 kg/hm^2;合理的磷肥施用量促进了机采棉产量的提高,75 kg/hm^2和150 kg/hm^2处理显著高于对照,分别增产了25.05%和38.53%。因此,本试验条件下磷肥施用量为75~150 kg/hm^2最佳。

This paper studied the effects of different phosphates fertilizer application rates on nutrient uptake and phosphorus use efficiency of cotton under machine harvest mode（10 cm＋66 cm＋10 cm＋66 cm＋10 cm）in Xinjiang,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational operation of phosphate fertilizer in cotton harvested by machine.Taking‘Xinluzao 57’as research object,the paper studied the 5 different P fertilizer（P_2O_5）treatments（0,75 kg/hm^2,150 kg/hm^2,300 kg/hm^2,450 kg/hm^2）on dry matter accumulation and N,P,K absorption of each growing period,P use efficiency and yield.The results indicated that moderately increasing P fertilizer was favorable for dry matter accumulation,yield and N,P,K accumulation increase.All these items reached the highest level especially under 75~150 kg/hm^2treatment.The dry matter accumulation,yield and N,P,K accumulation of various organ were 9.85%,24.2%,6.24%,27.1%and 51.6%higher than those of the control,respectively.Under75 kg/hm^2treatment,the phosphorus use efficiency,agronomic efficiency,and partial productivity were reduced along with the increase of P application rate.All these items were the highest under 75 kg/hm^2treatment as 2.4%,13.50 kg/hm^2and 67.39 kg/hm^2,respectively.Rational P application promoted the yield increase of mechanical harvest cotton,and under 75 kg/hm^2and 150 kg/hm^2treatments,the yield increased 25.05%and 38.53%,respectively,significantly higher than that of the control.Thus,the application of P_2O_5for 75~150 kg/hm^2was the optimal under the conditions of this experiment.