麦饭石矿物肥对海南茄衣生理特性及工业可用性的影响

Effects of Maifanitum Mineral Fertilizer on Cigar-wrapper Tobacco Leaves Physiological Characteristics and Industrial Availability

以海南2号为材料,通过大田实验研究了不同施用量麦饭石矿物肥对海南茄衣烟叶生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量、光合荧光特性以及烤后烟叶品质的影响。试验结果显示,与常规施肥相比,增施麦饭石矿物肥能显著增加根长、根体积、根系活力,促进烟株生长发育(P<0.05);能有效降低叶片MDA含量、SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性;茄衣叶片的光合作用指标P_n、G_s、C_i和WUE以及叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m、Φ_(PSⅡ)、q_p均显著高于常规施肥处理,而T_r、NPQ则明显较低(P<0.05);同时,有效提高烟叶的拉力和平衡含水率、降低烟叶厚度、叶质重和含梗率等物理特性指标,显著降低烟叶氮碱比,提高钾氯比、灰分含量和感官评吸分数。上述结果表明,增施促进烟株生长发育,改善叶片生理特性,同时改善烤后烟叶物品质,以450 kg/hm^2施用量效果最好。

Taking Hainan 2 as material,this paper conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of maifanitum mineral fertilizer with different dosages on cigar-wrapper tobacco leaf growth,antioxidant enzymatic activities,osmotic adjustment substances content,photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and quality of cured tobacco leaf.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilizing,increasing application of maifanitum mineral fertilizer could increase root length,root volume and root system activity,and promote flue tobacco growth（P0.05）;could effectively reduce MDA content in leaves,and activities of antioxidase of SOD,POD and CAT,etc..Under the condition of increasing application of maifanitum mineral fertilizer,the leaf photosynthesis indexes Pn,Gs,Ci,WUE and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm,Φ（PSⅡ）,qpcould be significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment,while the Tr,NPQ were significantly lower（P〈0.05）.At the same time,increasing application of maifanitum mineral fertilizer could effectively improve the pulling force,balance moisture content,reduce the indices of physical properties including thickness of tobacco leaf,leaf weight and stem ratio,etc.;significantly reduce tobacco leaf nitrogen alkali ratio and increase potassium chloride ratio,ash content and sensory evaluation scores.Above results indicated that increasing application of maifanitum mineral fertilizer could also stimulate tobacco plant growth and development,and improve their physiological characteristics and leaf quality after baking.The application dosage of 450 kg/hm^2had the best effect.