试论“义训”

A Study on the Semantic Gloss

训诂学是中国古代语言文字学的重要组成部分,尽管古代留下了大量以典籍注释和资料纂集为代表的训诂实践成果,但由于古人重实践而轻理论,对许多概念和原理缺乏明确的表述,致使后人对这些问题的认识存在着诸多分歧。如训诂学中常见的"义训"概念,学术界对其属性还存在不同的看法,有人认为是条例,有人认为是方法,目前尚没有一致的认识。本文通过分析论证,说明"义训"属于训诂条例,是训诂的基本原则;在遵循这一原则的基础上,义训又有不同的表现形式和训释方法。通过系统的分析与归纳,对义训问题进行梳理。

The Chinese Exegetics is an important part in Chinese traditional linguistics. Although there are a large number of ancient texts to the annotation of codes and data sets representing the exegetical practice results of the past, we are left in dispute over the interpretation of certain principles and conceptions due to the fact that the ancients attached much greater importance to practices than to theories, and had not given any account of these. Take the common concept of semantic gloss for example, its attribute is not agreed on in the academia. Some people think that is a rule, others think that it is a method. There is no common understanding. Through analysis and argumentation, the paper points out that semantic gloss belongs to the exegetical rules and is the principle of exegesis. On the basis of this principle, semantic gloss comes in different manifestations and methods. Through a systematic analysis and induction, the author makes a more comprehensive summary of the issues of semantic gloss.