特朗普政府对华施压的国内动因

Domestic Factors in Trump Administration’s Pressure toward China

从2017年年底开始，特朗普政府以经贸问题为核心，对华实施了力度空前的压力。美国国内各界对此的反应也明显与以往不同。工商业界、社会精英、普通民众、国会议员虽然对于是否应打贸易战存在分歧，但在对华强硬方面几乎一边倒地支持特朗普政府，整个美国社会的对华关注度大幅提升，尽管仍存在不同派别，但其共同诉求多于差异，均对华表现出强烈的焦虑感和紧迫感，要求调整对华接触战略，均大力推动特朗普政府打破传统、主动行动。不过，美国各界多不愿承受在与中国对抗中的利益严重受损，相关群体与其背后的国会议员都在为此而对特朗普政府施压。这一总体姿态为特朗普政府对华施压提供了坚实的支撑，推动其在强度上有所突破，加剧了其反复无常的政策特征，同时也在一定程度上制约着中美对抗的烈度。

Since the end of last year,the Trump administration has carried out unprecedented and comprehensive pressure on China.The reaction of circles of the US is obviously different from the past.Although business community,social elites,the public and congressmen have different opinions about whether to launch a trade war,they unanimously support the Trump administration to take a hard line on China.The US pays more attention to China,it has a strong sense of anxiety and sense of urgency on China,which calls for adjustment of the engagement strategy,and vigorously pushes the Trump administration to break the tradition and take the initiative.However,most Americans worry about serious damage from the confrontation with China,some related groups and members of Congress are pressing the Trump administration to avoid it.All of these gestures provide a solid support for the Trump administration to put more pressure on China,promote the breakthrough of limitation,aggravate its policy instability as well as constrain the intensity of the confrontation to a certain extent.