金融产业虚拟集群知识溢出效应的理论研究

A theoretical study of knowledge spillover effect of virtual cluster in the financial industry

本文从金融产业本质特性出发,提出金融产业虚拟集聚概念,认为金融产业虚拟集聚是我国金融体制改革和创新环境中金融产业竞争与合作的重要组织形式,是其空间集聚发展的必然。研究发现金融产业虚拟集聚的要素基础是金融产品的虚拟和可量化特性,其决定了金融产品非常适合数字化编码和开放的、远距离数字化传播,而不易受地理范围的局限;金融产业虚拟集聚的产业基础是金融超越于实体经济界限的虚拟化特征;金融产业虚拟集聚产生的内在动因是金融产业实体集聚过程中所遇到的客户受限和集聚风险。随着金融信息化水平的提高,特别是互联网金融的兴起,打破了传统金融产业的地理限制,缓解了金融产业空间集聚中不断积累的成本和风险,减弱了金融产业隐形知识的空间溢出局限,催生了虚拟金融机构的出现,成为了金融产业虚拟集聚的重要表现形式。本文根据Teece的知识流动和学习概念模型,结合金融产业虚拟集聚的特点,认为金融产业虚拟集群的知识溢出活动主要受到溢出方和学习方进行知识溢出和知识学习的主观意愿、双方之间的广义距离、双方的信任程度、双方的知识能力和风险控制尺度等因素影响。通过引入金融产业虚拟集群知识溢出效率函数,改造凯尼尔斯空间知识溢出蜂巢模型,构建了金融产业虚拟集群知识溢出效应模型,并对模型进行了动态分析研究。最后提出未来对金融产业虚拟集聚的研究,可以围绕静态和动态研究两大主要方向,针对宏观和微观两个层面,分别开展系统性的研究和探索。

This paper introduces the concept of financial industrial virtual cluster based on the essence of financial industry. It is considered that the virtual cluster of financial industry is the very important form of competition and cooperation organization in the reform and innovation of the Chinese financial system,and it is also the inevitable development of its spatial cluster. The research finds out that the elements of virtual cluster in the financial industry is the virtual and quantitative characteristics of financial products,which decides that the financial products are very suitable for digital encoding,openly remote digital communication,but not susceptible to the geographical range of limitations. The industrial base of the virtual cluster of the financial industry is the virtual feature that is beyond the boundaries of the real economy. The intrinsic motivation of the virtual cluster of financial industry is the limited customer number and the risk concentration. With the improvement of financial information technology,the rise of Internet Finance breaks the traditional financial industry's geographical constraints,weakens the cost and risks in the spatial cluster and the limitation of spatial spillover of the invisible knowledge and gives birth to more virtual financial institutions. The Internet Finance has become an important manifestation of the financial industry virtual clustering. According to the knowledge flow and learning concept model of Teece and the characteristics of virtual clustering in financial industry,this paper considers that the knowledge spillover in financial industry is mainly influenced by such factors as subjective intention of knowledge spillover and knowledge learning,generalized distance,degree of trust,level of knowledge,and risk control scales,etc.. Through the introduction of financial industry virtual cluster knowledge spillover efficiency function,the financial industry virtual cluster knowledge spillover effect model is built by transforming Caniёls spatial knowledge spillover honeycomb model. The model's dynamic analysis research is also performed. In the end,the researches on the virtual cluster of financial industry can be carried out around the main directions of the static and dynamic research by the macro and micro levels in the future.