公共服务项目化运作的后果是瓦解基层社会吗?——以上海市S镇“乐妈园”项目为例

Do the Public Services Delivered by Projects Disorganize Grassroots Society?——A Case Study of Project Lemayuan in Town S of Shanghai

项目制已成为一种全新的国家治理体制,是中国公共服务供给的重要机制之一。不过,现有研究发现项目制的后果之一便是瓦解了农村基层社会,其原因在于项目制的技术治理倾向。那么,项目制果真是瓦解基层社会的罪魁祸首吗?本文在田野调查获取的一手资料基础上,通过对上海市S镇"乐妈园"项目进行个案研究,发现公共服务项目化运作反而重塑了城市基层社会,其原因在于"乐妈园"项目团队,即一个具有成长本土性和行为长期性的草根团队能够参与社区治理,成为合作治理不可分割的一部分,帮助重塑社区治理机制和治理逻辑,以及提升社区社会资本。因此,项目制并非瓦解基层社会的直接原因,基层社会瓦解的重要原因在于项目落地过程中缺乏本地草根团队等中介组织参与。

The project system has become a new mode for state governance and one of the most important mechanisms for public service delivery nowadays in China. However, the latest literature finds that one of the outcomes of the project system is the disorganization of rural grassroots society, the reason of which is the technology-oriented tendency of the project system. So, should the project system account for that？ This paper, based on the firsthand data collection through field work, conducts a case study of Project Lemayuan in Town S of Shanghai and finds that the project reshapes urban grassroots society positively in contrast, because the project management team, a local farsighted grassroots organization, participates in community governance and becomes an integral part of it, which helps to reshape community governance mechanisms and logic and to enhance community social capital. As a result, the immediate reason for the disorganization of grassroots society is not the project system but the absence of intermediary organizations such as local grassroots organization participating in the operation of projects in local communities.