刘逢禄“《夏书》之变”研究

On Liu Fenglu's “The Change of Book of Xia Dynasty”

清代常州学派奠基人刘逢禄根据"《诗》《书》《春秋》其归一也"的思想,在《尚书今古文集解》和《书序述闻》中提出了"变《书》"说,并进一步阐发为"《夏书》之变"。夏代之变《书》以传贤与传子、王道与霸道的治道思想为主要内容。以王霸问题为中心展开,明确了先正君心、渐次以正万民的治道精义。他强调"通三统",并点明"变"义不仅含刺乱之意,更有权变之谋。"穷则必变,变则反本",刘逢禄的变《书》思想以拨乱反正为旨归。从"正变"这个角度切入,可以窥探今文经学的褒贬义法,并由此发掘常州学派面对时代困境所作出的回应——借褒贬议论以明微言大义,借圣经贤传以图经世济民。

Liu Fenglu, founder of Changzhou school in the Qing dynasty, put forward the view of ＂change of The Book＂ and made a further explanation to the ＂Change of The Book of Xia Dynasty＂ based on the thought of ＂The Book of Songs and Book of History and The Spring andAutumn Annals, which deals with similar problems. The Xia Dynasty＇s change of The Book takes the governance idea of passing on to the worthy person and bequeathing to offspring, hegemony and tyranny as main content, taking such problems as hegemony and tyranny as the center to carry on the discussion about them. He made the political essential ideas clear that the emperor＇s mind should first be right and fair and then gradually to enable the ordinary people to understand the essential meaning of governance. He pointed out that the ＂change＂ does not merely mean to signify satire, but also means adaptability. Furthermore, he emphasized ＂the three series＂, and clearly stated that the meaning of ＂change＂ is not only contains the implication of turmoil but also means the strategy of power change. In a word, Liu Fenglu＇s thought was to ＂put wrongs to rights＂ so as to benefit people with his spiritual, economic and political wisdom.