MicroRNAs与帕金森病关系的研究进展

The Research Progress of Relationship between MicroRNAs and Parkinson's Disease

帕金森病(Parkion's disease,PD)作为一种复杂的神经系统退行性疾病,已经成为严重影响中老年人健康及生活质量的重要疾病之一。病理变化为中枢神经系统黑质及纹状体通路的多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)能神经元发生退行性变性以及纹状体DA含量的减少,导致纹状体内DA和乙酰胆碱平衡失调而发病。其发病机制尚不明确,但普遍认为可能是遗传易感性、环境毒素几种因素共同作用的结果,而导致黑质DA能神经元变性凋亡则与氧化应激、蛋白酶体功能异常、自我吞噬、蛋白质合成减少、转录信号改变等因素关系密切。近年来,人们从各个相关领域对其进行深入研究,其发病机制正逐步被人们所破解。小NRA(miRNA,mircoRNA)是一类非编码miRNA,通过与mRNA靶基因互补配对调控转录后水平的基因表达。miRNA对神经元细胞中的信号调控具有重要作用,目前关于miRNA与PD之间的关系越来越受到重视。本综述通过对miRNA与PD关系的探讨,为研究PD的致病机制提供新的线索,从而为PD患者治疗提供一个新的视角。

Parkinson＇s disease（PD） has become one of the important diseases as a complex neurodegenerative disease. It seriously affects the health and quality of life in the elderly. Cumulative evidence confirmed that loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpars compacta, which results in loss of dopamine in the striatal projections of these neurons, underlies the motor syndrome of PD. The specific pathogenesis is not clear, our current understanding of the disease points toward a variety of genetic and environmental factors that independently or in combination cause progressive neurodegeneration. These factors lead to oxidative stress, abnormal protein degradation, autophagy, reduced protein synthesis, and altered signal transduction that combined induce neuronal death. In recent years,PD has been researched from all fields. And its pathogenesis is gradually being known well. microRNAs（miRNAs） is kind of endogenous non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by base pairing with complementary sequences in their target mRNA. miRNA plays an important role on signaling pathway in neuronal cells. At present, more and more attention has been paid to the relationship between miRNA and PD. The relationship between miRNA and PD has been discussed in this work, with the purprose of providing some new clues for studying the pathogenesis of PD and a new perspective for the treatment of PD patients.