非营利性组织在美国医学教育管理中的作用与启示

The roles of nonprofit organizations in medical education administration in the U.S. and their implications to China

目的研究非营利性组织在美国医学教育管理中的作用及其治理结构与管理机制，并探讨对我国的可借鉴之处。方法采用文献查阅的方法对美国医学院协会、医学教育联络委员会等组织在美国医学教育管理中的作用进行了阐述。结果在医学生入学、专业与机构认证、医师执照考试、毕业后医学教育、继续医学教育等关键领域，非营利性组织在美国医学教育管理中发挥了不可替代的重要作用。上述组织在治理结构上一般采用董事会集体决策制，同时在相关管理工作中重视发挥医学专业人员的作用。结论我国亟需借助社会组织的力量加强医学教育管理机构建设，并充分发挥医学专业人员的作用．以完善医学教育管理体制机制。

Objective To introduce the role of nonprofit organizations in the administration of medical education in the U.S. as well as their governance structure and administration mechanism and discuss the implications to China. Methods Literature review was conducted to summarize the role of nonprofit organizations in the administration of American medical education, including Association of American Medical Colleges and Liaison Committee on Medical Education. Results Nonprofit organizations play irreplaceable important roles in some key areas of medical education administration in the United States, including admission of student, institution and program accreditation, licensing examination, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education. In terms of governance and management, they usually rely on board of directors for decision making. Meanwhile, medical professionals play an important role in relevant works. Conclusions China should rely on social organizations to strengthen the construction of new administration institutions as well as medical professionals in order to improve administration system and mechanism for medical education.