计算机模拟病例在美国医学教育中的应用现状与进展

The application and advances of computer-based case simulations in American medical education

随着计算机技术的不断发展和模拟技术的进步，计算机模拟病例开始在医学教育领域获得广泛应用，对医学生临床能力的教育和评价发挥着越来越重要的作用。美国医学考试委员会对计算机模拟病例考试的信度、效度、评分方法、影响因素以及考生的操作行为进行了大量研究，1999年开始正式将计算机模拟病例应用于美国国家执业医师资格考试中。近年来，美国部分高校开始研究开发与计算机模拟病例相关的软件，对医学生临床能力进行教育教学和评价。

With the development of computer technology and simulative technology, computer-based case simulations （CCS） are widely used in medical education, which plays a more and more important role in the evaluation and education of medical students＇ clinical competency. American National Board of Medical Examiners has done a lot of work to test the reliability and validity of CCS, scoring method, influencing factors, and the operational behavior of examinees. In 1999 , computer-based case simulations formally began to apply in the United States Medical Licensing Examination （USMLE）. In recent years, some colleges and universities in the United States have begun to research and develop operating systems similar to that of CCS, used for teaching and evaluation on the clinical competence of medical students.