2007—2016年渭南市职业性尘肺病发病趋势分析

Analysis on trend of occupational pneumoconiosis in Weinan City from 2007-2016

目的分析渭南市职业性尘肺病发生情况和趋势,探讨渭南市尘肺病防控的关键控制点,为相关部门制定尘肺病防治对策提供参考依据。方法以2007—2016年陕西省尘肺病诊断组诊断并在中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的渭南市职业性尘肺病患者为调查对象,采用描述流行病学方法对2007—2016年渭南市职业性尘肺病的发病情况和趋势进行分析。结果 (1)2007—2016年共诊断1 348例职业性尘肺病患者,其中男性占99.78%;(2)新诊断的尘肺病包含煤工尘肺、矽肺和其他尘肺,构成比分别为62.9%、36.2%和0.9%;煤工尘肺发病趋势较平稳,而矽肺2007—2016年总体上呈递增趋势;(3)煤工尘肺和其他尘肺壹期居多,矽肺壹、贰和叁期分布较均匀;(4)煤炭、金矿和其他行业尘肺病诊断患者所占比例分别为64.02%、31.75%和4.23%,不同行业间尘肺病病种构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 557.4,P<0.01);(5)煤工尘肺诊断年龄最年轻,为(44.52±7.88)岁;矽肺的接尘工龄最短,为(9.06±6.76)年,不同尘肺病种诊断年龄及接尘工龄差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论 2007—2016年渭南市煤工尘肺病患者数发展较平稳,而矽肺病患者近年递增趋势明显。矽肺发病最快,更易进展为贰期,甚至叁期,该市应对矽肺病的控制加大力度。

[Objective] To study the incidence and trend of occupational pneumoconiosis in Weinan City, explore the key control points of the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in Weinan City, and provide a reference basis for relevant departments to develop the prevention and control countermeasures of pneumoconiosis disease. [Methods] The occupational pneumoconiosis patients who were diagnosed by Shaanxi Province pneumoconiosis diagnosis group and reported in China disease prevention and control information system from 2007-2016 were chosen as the investigation object. The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the incidence and trend of occupational pneumoconiosis in Weinan City from 2007-2016. [Results] （1）From 2007-2016, males accounted for 99.8% in 1 348 cases of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis. （2）The newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis included coal worker＇s pneumoeoniosis, silicosis and other pneumoconiosis, which the composition ratio was respectively 62.9%, 36.2% and 0.9%. The trend of coal worker＇s pneumoeoniosis was relatively stable, and the silicosis showed an increasing trend from 2007-2016. （3）The cases of coal worker＇s pneumoeoniosis and other pneumoconiosis were mainly in phase one, while the cases of silicosis uniformly distributed in phase one, two and three. （4）The proportion of pneumoconiosis patients from coal, gold mine and other industries was respectively 64.02%, 31.75% and 4.23%, and there were statistically significant difference in the composition of pneumoconiosis patients among different industries （x2=l 557.4, P〈0.01 ）. （5）The diagnostic age of coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis was the youngest, which was （44.52±7.88） years old. The length of exposure to dust in silicosis was the shortest, which was （9.06±6.76） years. There were statistically significant differences in diagnostic age and length of exposure to dust among different diseases（all P〈0.01 ）. [Conclusion] The number of coal worker＇s pneumoeoniosis cases is stable in Weinan City from 2007-2016, and the number of silicosis cases is increasing obviously at the same time. The silicosis has the fastest onset length and is more likely to progress to phase two or even phase three. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of silicosis.