2016年常州市武进区10763名噪声作业人员听力状况调查

Investigation on hearing status of 10 763 noise-exposed workers in Wujin District of Changzhou City in 2016

目的研究噪声作业对人体听力状况的影响,为预防和控制噪声作业人员发生职业病提供依据。方法由常州市武进区疾病预防控制中心与2家第三方机构共同对辖区内接触噪声的10 763名劳动者进行职业健康检查,由常州市武进区疾病预防控制中心负责采集相关数据,并对结果进行统计分析。结果双耳高频平均听阈≥40 d B人数为1 632人,异常率为15.2%;制造业、建筑业、批发和零售业、其他行业的听力异常率分别为15.6%、13.3%、8.0%和9.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.35,P<0.01);大、中和小型企业规模听力异常率分别为9.2%、12.7%和19.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=142.15,P<0.01),男性听力异常率(17.1%)明显高于女性(9.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=142.15,P<0.01);随着年龄的增加,听力异常率逐渐升高(χ~2=695.69,P<0.01);随着从业工龄的增长听力异常率逐渐升高(χ~2=115.14,P<0.01)。结论长期从事噪声作业的劳动者其听力异常率将会随着劳动者年龄的增长而出现升高趋势,同时从业人员接触噪声工龄越长发生异常率的可能性越高。应加强噪声作业企业职业卫生监督,加强噪声作业人员的职业健康监护。

[Objective] To investigate the influence of noise on workers＇ hearing,provide basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases of noise-exposed workers. [Methods] Occupational health examination was carried out on 10 763 noise- exposed workers by Changzhou Wnjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention and two third-party organizations, arid relevant data were collected and statistically analyzed by Changzhou Wujin Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [Results] There were 1 632 people whose bilateral high frequency average hearing threshol.d was ≥40 dB, and the abnormal rate was 15.2%. The abnormal hearing rate of workers from manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, and other industries was respectively 15.6%, 13.3%, 8.0% and 9.6%, and the difference was statistically significant （x^2=21.35, P〈0.01）. The abnormal hearing rate of workers from large, medium and small enter：prises was respectively 9.2%, 12.7% and 19.1%, and the difference was statistically significant （x^2=142.15, P〈0.01 ）. The abnormal hearing rate of males （17.1%） was higher than that of females （9.3%） （x^2=142.15, P〈0.01）. The rate of hearing abnormality increased with the increase of age（x^2=695.69, P〈0.01 ）, while it increased with the increase of working age （x^2=115.14, P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] The hearing abnormality rate of workers who have been engaged in noise work for a long time will increase as the age increases. At the same time, the hearing abnormality rate will increase as the working-age increases. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health supervision in enterprises with noise exposure, and improve the occupational health monitoring for noise-exposed workers.