常识意义上的平等——阿尔弗雷德·许茨的现象学平等观阐释

Equality in Common Sense——An Explanation of Schutz's Phenomenological Concept of Equality

平等是人类共同的基本价值之一,但自古以来人们对平等的理解和诠释就存在着很大的分歧。而我们要在现实中实践平等,需要从理论上对涉及平等的诸多问题予以澄清。许茨是著名的现象学家,也是现象学社会学的创始人。他从社会哲学视角出发,认为要阐述一种站得住脚的平等理论,需要以对常识意义上的平等的理解为基础。他从思考平等问题的出发点、界定平等范畴的依据、确定平等的范围和界限的方式以及区分对平等与机会平等的两重性解释等几个方面,在常识思维层次上展开了对平等问题的研究。许茨的现象学平等观不仅向我们提出了研究平等所不能忽略的一些基础性理论问题,从而使我们对平等的理解进一步明晰化,而且对我们就平等问题进行的当代阐发和实际践行具有启发意义。

Equality is one of the basic values of common humanity. But from ancient times it has been controversial and not yet clear now. Anyway, if we want to practise equality in reality, we must clarify the many issues concerning equality in theory. Schutz was a famous phenomenologist, and the founder of phe- nomenological sociology. Starting from the perspective of social philosophy, he held that if we want to ex- pound a tenable theory of equality we need to base our understanding on common sense equality. He carfled out a study of equality in the common sense level which involved the starting point of the thinking of the problem of equality, the basis of defining equality, the way of determining the scope and limits of equality, and differentiating the duality of interpretation of equality and equality of opportunity. Schutz＇ s phenomenological concept of equality not only put forward some basic theoretical issues of equality can not be ignored for us, and make our understanding of equality clear and clear, but also instructive for our analysis of contemporary issues and practice of equality.