基于HBM的乳腺癌患者情绪披露认知的质性研究

An investigation based on HBM： cognitive of breast cancer patients about emotional disclosure

目的了解中国乳腺癌患者消极情绪表达倾向及其认知影响因素，为情绪表达干预提供依据。方法基于HBM，采用质性研究方法，对46例乳腺癌患者进行半结构式访谈，并运用内容分析法进行资料分析。结果46例访谈对象中，12例倾向于情绪表达，34例倾向于情绪抑制。情绪表达患者易感性认知、严重性认知、利益性认知、障碍性认知、高自我效能感分别占9／12、8／12、10／12、4／12、10／12，情绪抑制患者分别占64．7％（22／34）、61．8％（21／34）、73．5％（25／34）、85．3％（29／34）、32．4％（11／34），差异有统计学意义（r=17．211-30．913，均P〈0．01）。结论中国乳腺癌患者不善于表达自己的消极情绪。医护人员可通过改变患者在易感性、严重性、利益性、障碍性和自我效能感五方面的认知，促进患者情绪表达行为的产生。

Objective To understand the tendency of negative emotional expression and its cognitive influencing factors in breast cancer survivors in China, in order to provide evidence for emotional expression intervention. Methods The qualitative research based on the health belief model （HBM） was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 breast cancer survivors. Data were analyzed by content analysis method. Results Among 21 people interviewed, 4 were emotionally expressed and 17 were emotionally suppressed. Aware of the negative emotions, recognize the seriousness of emotional depression, the benefits of emotional expression, the less obstacles of expression and the sense of self- efficacy can promote the occurrence of emotional expression. Conclusions Chinese breast cancer survivors are not good at expressing their negative emotions.Health care workers can change the behavior of patients through the aware of the negative emotions, recognize the seriousness of emotional depression, the benefits of emotional expression,the obstacles of expression and the sense of self-efficacy.