受阻路易斯酸碱对在高分子聚合上的应用

Application of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Polymerization

受阻路易斯酸碱对(frustrated Lewis pairs,FLPs)是大位阻的路易斯酸和大位阻的路易斯碱在溶液中受空间位阻因素影响而不能形成配位键所得到的组合。在这种特殊的组合中,路易斯酸和路易斯碱未能被中和淬灭,依旧保持着的反应活性。而当H_2等小分子靠近时,FLPs可以将H_2的化学键异裂,进而得到一个阳离子和一个阴离子。这种独特的反应特性使得FLPs在催化加氢、小分子气体活化、烯烃聚合和开环聚合等方面展现出了一些具有新特性的研究思想和方法。尤其是在烯烃聚合和开环聚合中,FLPs具有很强的催化活性。本文简要介绍了FLPs的发展历史及其在小分子活化中的应用,并重点介绍了其在高分子催化领域中的应用。

Frustrated Lewis pairs（ FLPs） are combinations of bulky Lewis acids and bulky Lewis bases in solution that are deterred to from dative bonds by steric factors. In this particular combination,Lewis acids and Lewis bases failed to be neutralized and quenched,and remained reactive. When small molecules such as H2 are close to them,FLPs can split the chemical bonds of H2 to obtain a cation and an anion. This particular reaction activity shows promising applications of FLPs in catalytic hydrogenation, activation of small molecules,olefin polymerization,ring-opening polymerization and so on. Especially,in olefin polymerization and ring-opening polymerization,FLPs have a strong catalytic activity. In this article,we briefly introduce the development history of FLPs and the application of FLPs in activation of small molecules. In addition,the applications of FLPs in polymer fields are emphatically described.