系统阐释中的意义格式塔

Gestalt of Meaning in Systematic Interpretation

如何阐释文学文本的意义?这个问题一直是文学理论中争议颇多的难题。20世纪有三种最具代表性的理论——文本客体说、作者意图说和读者反应说,它们共同的方法论是意义阐释的单因论。然而,文学乃是一个复杂的文化系统,包含了诸多因素及其相互关系,因此,文学理论和批评对文本意义的阐释及其理论讨论,应提倡从单因阐释向复杂系统阐释的方法论转变,进而实现从意义实体论向意义建构论转变。为此,可尝试在引入格式塔心理学"整体性在先"原则的基础上,提出"意义格式塔"概念,将文学意义视作在逻辑和时间上结构化的系统,并以复杂系统的视角来探究文学阐释方法论问题,以期达到文学理论和文学批评多元阐释的系统性与协商性。

Interpretation of the meaning of a literary text has long been a controversial issue in literary theory.The 20 th century produced three representative theories:the text as object,authorial intent and reader response.Their methodologies have in common the interpretation of meaning as having a single source.Since literature is a complex cultural system that includes many different factors and the relationships between them,literary theory and criticism relating to the interpretation of meaning and its theoretical discussion should be encouraged to make a methodological shift from monocausal interpretations to interpretations involving complex systems,and thence to realize a transition from a substantialist approach to meaning to meaning construction.For this reason,we can try using the concept of"Gestalt of meaning"on the basis of the principle of Gestalt psychology that"the whole is greater,"taking literary meaning as a system structuredby logic and time and exploring the methodology of literary interpretation from the perspective of a complex system,with the aim of achieving the ideal of systematic and coordinated diverse interpretations among the community of literary theory and criticism.