集聚、生产率与企业出口决策的关联

The Association of Agglomeration, Productivity and Enterprise Export Decision

在全面整理1997~2013年中国工业企业数据库并计算全要素生产率的基础上,构建城市的经济规模和出口规模两类集聚指标,识别城市溢出和城市-行业溢出两种溢出效应,讨论集聚对于解释中国企业出口与生产率关系的作用。研究发现,城市集聚和城市-行业集聚均能促进企业出口,而城市集聚更能降低企业出口的生产率阈值要求,使得生产率较低的企业同样可以出口。异质性分析表明,这种集聚效应对于规模报酬递减行业和外资企业、民营企业影响更为明显。本文从城市集聚的角度解释中国企业出口决策与生产率的关系,与现有经验研究成果互为补充,这既有助于从更深的层面理解中国的出口模式,又具有一定的文献价值。

Based on a comprehensive and reasonable clean of Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and a detailed discussion of the calculation methods of TFP, we construct two indicators to describe agglomeration, the economic scale indicator and export scale indicator at the city level, and we also try to indentify the city agglomeration spillover effect and the city-industry spillover effect. Our analysis suggests that the productivity puzzle will not occur once controlling for the city agglomeration effect. The result is robust for different model specifications and different productivity measurements. Further analysis indicates that both city agglomeration spillover and city-industry agglomeration spillover facilitates export. The former mainly reduces the threshold value so that enterprises with lower productivity can export, while the latter may intensify the competition among enterprises. Comparatively, the city agglomeration effect is larger for non-increasing return to scale industry and for FIEs with stronger liquidity.