汉代王侯谪免制度视野下的海昏侯考察

Investigation of Haihun Hou in the Perspective of Royal Dethronement System in the Han Dynasty

刘贺被拟定汉室继嗣者,是因为他及父辈与武帝的亲近关系,并且没有复杂的外戚背景。刘贺被废与霍光专权有关,也与他的能力、德行不符合朝廷期望有关,海昏侯墓中出土的相关器物不能证明他知书达礼。刘贺被黜后,受到废爵、削户、监控等惩罚,其中爵等降免、行动管控方面比普通诸侯要严苛,食户方面要优渥。二百余名昌邑臣被诛,既是霍光防范刘贺日后作乱之举,也是汉代宗室王侯谪免后的连带问责方式。刘贺被"复封"海昏侯,颇具明封暗贬色彩,反映了朝廷对他的忌惮。刘贺去世时子辈没享受到"继封"待遇不符合两汉常例,它是宣帝借机对刘贺生前之事追加惩罚的表现。

Because there was a close relationship among Liu He,his father and Emperor Wu,and there was no complicated foreign background of Liu He,he was selected as a successor to the Han Dynasty. The reasons why Liu He was deposed were related to Huo Guang＇s dictatorship,as well as his ability and virtues that did not meet the expectations of the court. The related artifacts unearthed in the tomb of Haihun Hou could not prove that Liu He was highly cultured and steeped in propriety. After Liu He was deposed,he was punished by being abolished the title,cutting the household,and being monitored. Among them,the aspects of deposing and monitoring were more strict than the ordinary princes,and the foodies were better. More than two hundred Changyichen were killed,which was Huo Guang＇s precaution against Liu He＇s future rebellion,and was also the way of accountability after the ancestral princes was deposed in the Han Dynasty. Liu He was reappointed as Haihun Hou,which was a demotion in fact,reflecting the fear of the court to him. When Liu He died,his son did not enjoy the treatment continually,which was not in agreement with the Han Dynasties policies,but was the additional punishment on Liu He by Emperor Xuan.