北京市东城区女护士工作压力源状况分析

Analysis on the sources of work-related stress among female nurses in Dongcheng District of Beijing

目的分析北京市东城区女护士工作压力源分布情况及影响因素,为减轻其工作压力提供针对性的建议。方法收集北京市东城区1 886名女护士,采用普查的方法进行回顾性问卷调查,进一步对调查结果进行统计分析。结果本调查共发出问卷1 886份,收回问卷1 735份,回收率为91.99%。北京市东城区护士压力源5个条目得分由高至低依次为:工作量与时间分配问题(2.29±0.81)分、患者护理方面的问题(2.25±0.75)分、护理专业及工作方面的问题(2.17±0.69)分、工作环境及资源方面的问题(2.11±0.87)分、管理及人际关系方面的问题(1.87±0.77)分。东城区护士工作压力源子条目得分前五位由高至低依次为:工资及其他的福利待遇低(2.81±0.95)分、担心工作中出现差错事故(2.59±1.04)分、护理工作的社会地位太低(2.52±0.94)分、工作量太大(2.48±0.96)分、患者的要求太高或太过分(2.47±0.99)分。其中年龄40~岁、本科及以下学历、中级职称、已婚、夜班每周3次以上、护龄≥16年、家庭人均可支配年收入<6 000元护士的工作压力源总分较高,差异有统计学意义(F=4.80、5.23、3.84、9.67、12.01、6.69、7.11,均P<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析,年龄和夜班情况是北京市东城区护士压力源的主要影响因素,差异有统计学意义(t=4.322、6.057,均P<0.05)。结论北京市东城区不同人群女护士存在不同的工作压力,其中年龄和夜班情况是护士压力源的主要影响因素,对护士压力情况采取针对性的减压方式,提高其工作效率及护理质量。

Objective To discuss the sources of work-related stress of female nurses in Dongcheng District of Beijing. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among a total of 1 886 female nurses in Dongcheng District of Beijing and the results were statistically analyzed. Results Out of 1886 questionnaires delivered,1735 were recovered and included in the analysis.The top five factors that caused work-related stress based on the score were workload and work schedule（2.29±0.81）,patient care（2.25±0.75）,nursing major（2.17±0.69）,working environment and resource（2.11±0.87）management and interpersonal issues（1.87±0.77）.Data of subentry analysis showed that the source of work-related stresses from high to low were low wages and bad benefits（2.81±0.95）,concern about wrongdoings in the work（2.59±1.04）,low social status of nursing work（2.52±0.94）,heavy workload（2.48±0.96）,and high demands of patients（2.47±0.99）.Female nurses of 40-49 years old（F=4.80）,with bachelor or lower degree（F=5.23）,with middle professional titles（F=3.84）,married（F=9.67）,having night shift of 3 times or more per week（F=12.01）,working 16 years or longer（F=6.69）,family per capita annual income of 6 000 yuan or less（F=7.11）had higher work-related stresses（P〈0.05）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age（t=4.322,P〈0.05）and night shift（t=6.057,P〈0.05）were the major influencing factors for stress.Conclusions Female nurses in Dongcheng District of Beijing have different kinds of work-related stress;age and night shift are major influencing factors of the stress.