2012-2016年乌鲁木齐市麻疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological features of measles in Urumqi in 2012-2016

目的分析2012-2016年乌鲁木齐市麻疹流行病学特征,为消除和控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究的方法,对2012-2016年乌鲁木齐市麻疹监测病例的流行病学特征进行描述和分析。结果 2012-2016年乌鲁木齐市共报告麻疹确诊病例997例,年均发病率为5.98/10万,发病时间集中在4~7月份;天山区、沙依巴克区、头屯河区年平均发病率居前3位;麻疹病例主要集中在<8月龄儿童和≥15岁成人,与8月龄~岁组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=44.18,P<0.01);2012-2016年报告病例中有免疫史病例所占的比例呈下降趋势(χ~2=10.66,P=0.031)。结论适龄儿童开展查漏补种工作,重点地区重点人群开展强化免疫工作,提高麻疹疫苗接种率,控制院内感染,是消除麻疹的关键。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Urumqi during 2012 to2016,and to provide a scientific evidence for measles control. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of measles in Urumqi from 2012 to 2016 was described and analyzed by using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 997 confirmed measles cases were reported during 2012 to 2016 in Urumqi with the average annual incidence of 5.98 per 100 000.The disease peak season was from April and July.Majority of patients were reported from Tianshan,Shayibake,Toutunhe District,and were babies under 8 months old or adults aged 15 and above（χ2=44.18,P〈0.01）.The number of patients who had immunization history gradually decreased from 2012 to 2016（χ2=10.66,P=0.031）. Conclusions Children should have proper immunization plan with measles vaccine especially those from high prevalence areas in order to increase the coverage rate which is the key factor to control the disease and to eliminate measles in future.