516例参训官兵高原反应测试分析

Analysis of 516 Cases of Altitude Stress Testing of Training Officers and Soldiers under Simulated High Altitude Environment

目的:探讨在模拟不同海拔高度时,拟赴高原的参训官兵在急进高原时高原反应发生的特点,为高原参训官兵高原病的预防提供理论依据。方法:应用西北特殊环境人工实验舱模拟不同海拔高度,随机对516名平原部队参训官兵进行急进不同海拔高原反应进行测试,动态观察平原环境、急进高原2000 m、3000 m、4500 m海拔高度的自觉症状及部分生理指标(心率、血氧饱和度)的动态变化以及进舱前和出舱后血压值变化情况。结果:(1)516名官兵均完成测试,在海拔2000 m时,53例出现耳闷、耳涨症状,94例出现耳鸣症状,作吞咽动作后在以后的"上升"和"下降"过程中均未出现症状;在海拔4500 m时,39例出现高原反应,其中19例出现头晕症状,20例出现手足麻木,高原反应发生率7.56%。(2)随着海拔高度逐渐升高,受试者心率逐渐加快,从2000 m开始加快明显(p<0.05),血氧饱和度逐渐降低,到3000 m开始血氧饱和度下降明显(p<0.05)。(3)进舱前和出舱后血压值相比没有统计学差异(p>0.05)。结论:参训官兵急进高原后,高原反应主要出现在4500 m海拔高度,高原反应发生率7.56%;高原环境对机体的心率、血氧饱和度的影响随着海拔高度增加而明显,2000 m开始心率明显加快,3000 m开始出现血氧饱和度明显下降,耳部不适症状主要出现在2000 m,但在做吞咽动作后消失。

Objective： To invesigate the characteristics of altitude stress of training officers and soldiers rapid entering high altitude in simulated environment, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of plateau disease. Methods： A total of 516 training officers and soldiers were tested in our ＂Simulated Climate Cabin for Special Environment of Northwest of China＂. Their discomfort symptoms and physiological indexes（heart rate, blood oxygen saturation） were recorded when simulated altitude in the hypobaric chamber was elevated to 2000 m, 3000 m, 4500 m and descended to the plain at each time. The changes of their blood pressure were observed after they came out of the chamber and compared with those they went into the chamber before. Results：（1） Of the 516 subjects who subjected to hypobaric chamber examination, there were aural fullness in 53 cases and tinnitus symptoms in 94 cases at the altitude of 2000 m, however, after swallowing, none of the discomfort appeared again in the process of ＂rising＂ and ＂falling＂, 39 cases had altitude sickness, of which dizziness occurred in 19 cases, and hand foot numbness occurred in the 20 cases at the altitude of 4500 m, the incidence of altitude sickness was about 7.56%.（2） With the altitude increasing, the heart rate of the subjects was accelerated significantly at 2000 m（p〈0.05）, and the blood oxygen saturation decreased significantly at 3000 m（p〈0.05）.（3） Before and after entering the chamber, there was no significant difference in blood pressure（p〉0.05）. Conclusions： Altitude sickness mainly occurred at 4500 m and the incidence was 7.56%; Effects of the heart rate and blood oxygen saturation for the subjects were increased obviously with the increasing altitude, the heart rate of the subjects was accelerated significantly at 2000 m, and the blood oxygen saturation of the subjects was decreased significantly at 3000 m. The ear discomfort symptoms of the subjects mainly occurred at 2000 m, but it was disappeared after swallowing.