论“伦理信念”的失范与重建

A Discussion on Anomie and Reconstruction of the Ethical Belief

"伦理信念"是人们对某种伦理学说、伦理观念和伦理原则等正确性与价值性的深刻内在笃信,以及由此而产生的对践行相应伦理行为的强烈内驱力与责任感。之所以重视和研究"伦理信念"问题,是因为"伦理信念"是道德建设的核心问题,是主导个人和社会伦理秩序的最深层次的伦理原则与内在精神引擎之所在。目前,无论是社会角度还是个人角度,大量"伦理信念"的失范现象客观存在。导致"伦理信念"失范的主要原因有:现代社会结构化转型带来的日趋公共化趋势,动摇了传统"伦理信念"赖以存在的特殊熟人性质和私人性质的文化生长根基;现代社会普遍平等的社会现实和价值导向,从根本上冲击了传统"伦理信念"自身所内含的价值等级次序,这对于传统"伦理信念"是一种价值意义层面上的危机;现在社会日趋强劲的社会迁徙与社会分层,使得孕育传统"伦理信念"的稳定性环境受损,这是传统"伦理信念"所面临的一个外部条件性危机。重建"伦理信念"的有效路径主要有:把传统"伦理信念"中的"个体善"引导至社会领域的"公共善",以拓展传统"伦理信念"的固有魅力;以家风家教为基本切入点,重新彰显传统"伦理信念"不可替代的文化教养作用;重新塑造时代特色的道德贵族精英,以凸显传统"伦理信念"的独特价值。

Ethical belief is a sincere belief in the correctness and value of some ethical theory,ethical conception and ethical principle,so people want to fulfill the corresponding ethical action to produce strong internal forces and responsibilities. The cause of researching and paying attention to ethical belief is that the ethical belief is the core of moral construction. At present,there are numerous anomies of ethical belief both from the social and personal fields. There are some causes leading these anomies. The structural transformation of modern society is shaking the cultural base of the ethical belief because of publicity. The universal equality of modern society fundamentally attack the value classic order of the ethical belief. The external crisis is the damnification on the stable environment of the ethical belief because of social migration and stratification. The effective ways could reconstruct the ethical belief. To expand the inherent charming of the ethical belief by leading traditional personal goodness to public goodness. To re-manifest the non-substitutable cultural rearing function of the ethical belief by attaching importance to family style and education. To remodel some moral elite having the characteristics of the times.