谁来照顾——长期患病家庭照顾模式与选择机制研究

A Research on the Care Model and Selection Mechanism of Giving Consideration to the Families Suffering from an Illness

当家庭遭遇长期患病压力时,谁来承担照顾者角色?长期患病压力下的家庭照顾因为时间长、压力大的特点需要部分成员作出调整以使家庭重新恢复到原有的平衡状态,家庭照顾模式的选择决定了家庭在压力作用下的抗逆模式。文章从微观视角对46例长期患病家庭进行深度访谈,了解家庭在遭遇患病压力时的照顾调整方式,以探索家庭照顾的选择模式和选择机制。研究发现,长期患病家庭的照顾者选择表现为夫妻主轴的分工模式、亲子纵轴的养育模式和扩大亲系的补充模式三类,模式的选择以家庭效用最大化为基础,受家庭生命周期和性别意识的交互影响,呈现出女性照顾优先选择和照顾关系差序格局状态。因此,国家照顾政策制定需要有效激活家庭内部照顾资源,同时提升社会照顾服务效率,解决好家庭照顾和性别隔离的关系,同时将照顾社会化与传统家文化下的照顾资源有机结合,以满足困境家庭的发展需求。

Who could take care of the family suffering from a long-term illness？ Under pressure of a long-term illness,some of the family members will adjust themself to recover the balance of their family because of long time and great pressure. The selections of care models decide the methods of the family＇s resistance of pressure. The author has interviewed 46 families suffering from a long-term illness to ask for information about their care models to research the care model and selection mechanism. The research shows the care models including division of labor netween husband and wife,parent-children rearing and supplement of the other relatives. The family utility maximization is the base to select the care models,and it also has been influenced by family life circle and sex difference.Because of these causes,the care models often show female care and care according to relationship. Therefore,national care policy should activate the care sources in the family effectively. In the meantime,raise the social care services to balance the family care and sex difference. Simultaneously,the social care and family care should be combined to satisfy the development of the families suffering difficulties.