浅议利率市场化对商业银行盈利能力的影响

On the Influence of the Marketization of Interest Rate on the Profitability of Commercial Banks

利率代表着资金的价格,是一个国家调控经济的重要手段。目前正在不断推进的利率市场化改革则是放开了存贷款利率上下限,由市场对资金的供求关系来决定最终的利率水平。商业银行对利率的变化一直保持着高度的敏感,为了争夺更多的市场份额,商业银行势必会降低贷款利率,提高存款利率,从而造成商业银行盈利能力的下降。所以,利率市场化给商业银行带来机遇的同时,也增加了商业银行的风险和竞争的压力。由此可见,研究利率市场化如何对商业银行盈利能力产生影响,以及商业银行如何应对是具有十分重要的现实意义的。

Interest rates represent the price of funds and are an important means for a country to control the economy. The marketization interest rate reform that is currently being promoted is to liberalize the upper and lower limits of deposit and loan interest rates, and the market determines the final interest rate level for the supply and demand of funds. Commercial banks have always been highly sensitive to changes in interest rates. In order to compete for more market share, commercial banks will inevitably lower lending rates and increase deposit interest rates, resulting in a decline in the profitability of commercial banks. Therefore, while interest rate marketization brings opportunities to commercial banks, it also increases the risk of commercial banks and the pressure of competition. It can thus be seen that studying how interest rate marketization affects the profitability of commercial banks and how commercial banks respond is of great practical significance.