中国畜禽养殖环境效率省区特征研究

Research on provincial characteristics of environmental efficiency of livestock and poultry production in China

为破解畜禽养殖环境污染问题,科学规划和调整畜禽养殖在全国不同省市区内的布局,推动畜禽养殖步入绿色发展道路,论文引入并定义了畜禽养殖环境效率概念,给出了畜禽养殖环境效率的计算方法。以不同环境效率指标——产出单位标准猪的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮排放量为变量,运用系统聚类分析法的Ward联结法进行统计分析,并研究31个省市区的环境效率水平和区域分布特征。结果表明,31个省市区的畜禽养殖环境效率可分为高水平组、中高水平组、中等水平组、中低水平组、低水平组的5个类型组,且5个水平组的分布呈现出明显的区域特征,高水平组主要位于西南地区,中高水平组主要分布在长江中上游地区,中等水平组主要分布在中西部和东南地区,中低水平组主要地处环渤海经济圈,低水平组只有黑龙江一个省。

Emission data of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and NH 3-N per standard pig in 31 provinces were analyzed with WARD association cluster to gain a better understanding of the environmental pollution issues associated with livestock production in China.This paper introduces and defines the concept of environmental efficiency,aiming to inform decision-making on planning and adjusting regional distribution of livestock production at national scale.The results showed that the environmental efficiency of livestock and poultry production in 31 provinces could be categorized into high,mid-high,middle,mid-low and low levels and mainly distributed in southwest,middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River,central and southwest,Bohai Rim Economic Circle and northeast of China,respectively.