域外行政诉讼类型化构造之比较分析及其对我国的启示

Comparative Analysis of Categorized Structure of Administrative Litigation Abroad and Its Enlightenment to China

行政诉讼类型化最初始于12世纪英国的"令状制度",20世纪以来在主要的大陆法系国家和英美法系国家得到了长足的发展。行政诉讼类型化有助于诉讼目的的实现,有益于完善行政诉讼制度体系,促进司法效率的提高以及司法权、行政权的平衡。我国由于行政诉讼类型化制度的缺失,权利救济方面仍存在原告资格、受案范围、判决效力等方面的限制。借鉴英美法系国家的司法审查形式和大陆法系国家的行政诉讼类型化构造模式,我国行政诉讼类型化制度构造中应凝练出高度抽象的分类标准,从"撤销中心主义"转向多元化诉讼类型的构造,在同一类型内辨别主观诉讼和客观诉讼。

Categorized administrative litigation,originating from the＂writ system＂in Britain in the 12 th century,has gained great progress in the major continental law countries and the common law countries since the 20 th century.Categorized administrative litigation is not only conducive to the realization of the purpose of litigation,beneficial to the improvement of the administrative litigation system,but also helpful to promote the judicial efficiency and keep a balance between the judicial power and the executive power.Due to the lack ofthe administrative litigation categorization system in our country,there are still restrictions on the rights of the plaintiff,the scope of the case,and the validity of the judgment and so on.Therefore,a highly abstract categorization standard in our present litigation system should be summarized with reference to the judicial review in the common law countries and the categorized administrative litigation structure models in the continental law countries.The structure model should turn from ＂revocation centralism＂to the structure of multiple litigation types.Subjective litigation and objective litigation should be distinguished in the same type of litigation.