日本国立大学法人化改革及启示

Corporate Reform and Enlightenment in Japanese National Universities

自2004年日本国立大学法人化改革方案出台以来,社会各界对此次改革既有赞成的,也有反对的,这些赞同和反对意见与高等教育发展史上两股重要的哲学思潮,即高等教育的认识论和政治论有着千丝万缕的联系。持续争论的实质是双方想要通过三角关系的调整获取更多的权益。然而根据三角协调理论,仅有政府与大学双方的争论是毫无意义的,引入市场机制才是法人化改革的初衷。只有发挥各方职能,即政府的调控与监督、市场的适当竞争与调节、大学有限的自治和学术自由,通过三方协作方能达到高等教育的完美平衡。日本国立大学法人化改革的这一重要经验对推动我国高等教育健康、持续、协调发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

Since the program of corporate reform in Japanese national universities in 2004,there have always been pros and cons of the reform from different social communities.It is complicated association between the positive and negative opinions and two important philosophical thoughts———epistemology and politics———in the higher education development.The essence of the continuing debates is that both sides want to gain more power and benefit through the bias of the triangle relationship between the government and universities.However,based on triangle-coordination theory,it is meaningless to debate between the government and universities.Therefore,the introduction of market mechanism is the purpose of the corporate reform.It can give a play to all functions,namely the three-party cooperation,the regulation and supervision of the government,the appropriate competition and adjustment of the market,the limited autonomy and academic freedom of universities so as to achieve a balanced higher education and promote a healthy,sustainable and coordinating development of higher education in China.