环境史视野下的“驱棚”与“伐蛟”

Expelling the Shed People and Killing Jiao Dragon from the Perspective of Environmental History

清代,作为地方社会生态环境控制技术的"驱棚"与"伐蛟"均有应用。自雍正年间始,官方将"伐蛟"作为减灾的常规技术,后又多次实行。"伐蛟"在实践层面并不能防止水灾,反而对野生动物的生存构成威胁。"驱棚"的动因是维护地方社会的稳定,其客观上也保护了山区环境。"驱棚"与"伐蛟"均是人们应对环境异动的举措,也是一种灾害的预防、控制技术,其有特定的历史文化成因。

In the Qing Dynasty,＂expelling the shed people＂and‘killing Jiao dragon＇,as the local social and ecological environment control technology,are put into use. Since the beginning year of Emperor Yongzheng,the officials took＂killing Jiao dragon＂as a conventional technology for disaster reduction,and later it was be implemented several times. The＂killing Jiao dragon＂cannot prevent floods in the practical level,but it threatened to the survival of wild animals. The purpose of ＂expelling the shed people＂was to maintain the stability of local society,and its objective also was to protect the mountain environment. In the perspective of environmental history,＂expelling the shed people＂and＂killing Jiao dragon＂were the measures for people to deal with environmental changes,they were also disaster prevention and control technology,they had specific historical and cultural causes.