黔东南少数民族聚居区宗教法治化的困境与对策——基于民族原生宗教、民族习惯法与软法治理的解析

On the Dilemma and Countermeasures of Religious Rule by Law in Ethnic Minority Areas of Qiandongnan: Analysis of Ethnic Original Religion,National Customary Law and Soft Law Governance

历史上黔东南是贵州苗疆的主要区域,苗、侗等少数民族世居在清水江、都柳江与舞阳河之间的山峦盆地、云山林海之间,苗疆少数民族具有历史悠久和特点鲜明的原生宗教。明清以降,中央王朝实行"征辟苗疆"和"改土归流",道教、佛教、基督教逐步进入贵州苗疆,至今形成民族原生宗教与域外宗教并存的局面。目前,基于民族民间交往交流交融,城镇化建设,少数民族外出学习、务工、创业,多元文化影响以及科学技术发展等因素,黔东南少数民族聚居区的宗教出现新的特点与新的问题。鉴于宗教事务的长期性、群众性、民族性、国际性、复杂性,少数民族地区实行宗教法治化,既要考虑少数民族原生宗教的渊源,又要考虑固有硬法规制宗教的局限,在坚持全面依法治国战略举措下,依法引导少数民族原生宗教,充分发掘少数民族习惯法优势,运用现代软法治理机制,有利于克服单纯"就法施法"的机械性,有利于扩大宗教法治化的弹性力,有利于促进民族地区宗教的法治化。

Qiandongnan is the main region of the Miao area of Guizhou in history. Miao and Dong ethnic minorities live in the mountain basin between the Qingshui River,Duliu River and Wuyang River,and the minority nationalities in Miao area have a long history and distinctive native religion. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the central government carried out ＂the development of the Miao＂and the ＂change the soil to the flow＂. Taoism,Buddhism and Christianity have gradually entered the Miao area of Guizhou. So far,the situation of the coexistence of Ethnic Primary and extraterritorial religions has been formed. At present,the religious situation in the ethnic minority area of Qiandongnan appears the integration of ethnic and folk exchanges,the construction of urbanization,the spirit of the minority nationalities,the influence of multiculturalism,and the development of science and technology. In a word,new characteristics and new problems have emerged. Because religious affairs have the long-term nature,large-scale nature,nationality,international character and complexity,the ethnic minority areas carry out the religious rule by law,taking into account the origin of the primary religion of the ethnic minorities,and taking into account the limitations of the inherent hard law regulation of religion,and guiding the ethnic minorities in accordance with the law under the strategy of managing the country according to the rule by law. It is conducive to the expansion of the flexibility of the rule of law of religion and the promotion of the legalization of religion in ethnic areas.