柠条与玉米秸秆混合微贮及其组合效应

Study on mixed Caragana korshinskii and maize straw silage with enzymes and their associative effects

为改善我国饲草料供应不足现状,扩大饲料来源,本研究针对柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和玉米(Zea mays)秸秆的混合比例(70∶30、50∶50、30∶70)和酶制剂添加量(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%)两个因素设计试验,对营养物质变化、干物质采食量(dry matter intake,DMI)、各营养指标有效降解率(potential effective digestibility,PED)和饲草组合效应进行综合分析。结果表明,1)通过混合饲草微贮可以显著增加有机质(organic matter,OM)含量,明显降低中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fibre,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fibre,ADF)含量(P<0.05);2)混合饲草进行微贮后其DMI显著高于未加工处理的单一饲草(P<0.05);3)混合饲草微贮后,可以在一定程度提高营养指标的PED,其中处理Ⅲ(70%柠条+0.15%酶制剂)OM的PED,处理Ⅶ(30%柠条+0.05%酶制剂)干物质(DM)、OM的PED和处理Ⅸ(30%柠条+0.15%酶制剂)的DM、OM、ADF的PED显著高于CK1(未进行微贮的柠条)和CK2(未进行微贮的玉米秸秆)(P<0.05);4)通过组合效应分析,处理Ⅶ(30%柠条+0.05%酶制剂)的DM、NDF在瘤胃内的降解率表现出正组合效应,处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅵ(50%柠条+0.15%酶制剂)的DM在瘤胃内的降解率表现出正组合效应。综合考虑,柠条和玉米秸秆混合微贮可以在一定程度上提高饲草的营养价值和干物质采食率,有效改善饲草的适口性,提高营养物质的降解率,其混合微贮最佳条件为30%柠条+70%玉米秸秆+0.05%酶制剂。

In order to improve the shortage of forage supply in China,we examined the variables that need to be addressed to expand the sources of foraged food.This study was designed to test two factors：the mixing ratio of Caragana korshinskii and maize straw（70∶30,50∶50,30∶70）and enzyme dosage（0.05%,0.1%,0.15%）.The nutrient change,DMI,PED,and associative effects were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed：1）The OM content of the mixed microbial silage was increased and the NDF and ADF contents of the mixed microbial silage declined significantly（P〈0.05）.2）The DMI of the mixed microbial silage was significantly higher than that of the single forage without processing（P〈0.05）.3）The value of PED of the nutritional indexes could be improved to a certain extent after microbial silage.Among them,the PED value of OM in the 70% C.korshinskii ＋ 0.15% enzymes,the PED value of DM and OM in the 30% C.korshinskii ＋0.05% enzymes）and the PED value of DM,OM and ADF in the 30% C.korshinskii＋ 0.15% enzymes were significantly higher than that of the CK1（no microbial silage added to C.korshinskii）and CK2（no microbial silage added to maize straw）（P〈0.05）.4）By associative effects analysis,the degradation rate of DM and NDF in the rumen of 30% C.korshinskii＋ 0.05% enzymes showed positive associative effects and the degradation rate of DM in the rumen of 70% C.korshinskii＋0.15%enzymes and 50% C.korshinskii＋0.15%enzymes showed positive associative effects.Taking various indexes into consideration,C.korshinskii and maize mixed microbial silage can improve the nutritional value of forage and dry quality intake rate to some extent,improve the palatability of forage effectively,and improve the degradation rate of nutrients,and the optimum condition for mixed microbial silage is 30% C.korshinskii＋ 70% maize straw ＋ 0.05% enzymes.