西欧中世纪后期与我国宋朝的城市和市民阶层的比较

Comparisons between the Cities and Citizen Stratums of Late Medieval Ages in Western Europe and Those of the Song Dynasty in China

城市及城市经济的发展,促使市民阶层萌芽产生。西欧中世纪后期与我国宋朝大致处于同一历史时期,其市民阶层都处于萌芽状态,但二者显现出来的特征在经济因素、政治因素、思想观念因素等方面存在着较大差异。差异背后是其政治、经济、思想文化等历史因素的不同,就其发展过程来看,特定的历史条件下的生产方式和经济活动决定了市民阶层的基本特征。

It is the development of cities and that of urban economy that promote citizen stratums to develop. Late medieval ages in Western Europe and the Song Dynasty in China were approximately at the same period in history.The citizen stratums in both regions were at budding stage, while the features of the two groups showed great differences in the following elements such as economy, politics, and ideology, and so on. It was the following historical elements, including politics, economy, ideological culture, and so on, that caused these differences. Due to various development processes, producing modes and economic activities in certain historical conditions decided citizen stratums＇ basic features.