影响女子篮球运动员起跳高度的下肢生物力学因素的灰色关联分析

Gray Relational Analysis on the Effect of Biomechanical Factors of Lower Extremity on Female Basketball Players' Jump Height

目的:通过测试女子篮球运动员完成急停起跳动作的下肢生物力学指标,寻找影响起跳高度的关键生物力学因素。方法:以北京体育大学竞技体育学院17名女子篮球专项学生为研究对象,应用Motion Analysis Raptor-4数字影像捕捉分析系统和Kistler三维测力台对受试者完成急停起跳动作的下肢多关节运动学和动力学指标进行采集。采用灰色关联分析方法对影响起跳高度的下肢生物力学各因素进行关联度分析。结果:下肢生物力学因素对运动员起跳高度的影响程度依次为:重心垂直运动速度峰值>髋关节角速度峰值>膝关节角速度峰值>蹬伸时长>踝关节角速度峰值>垂直蹬伸力峰值。结论:(1)重心垂直运动速度峰值是影响起跳高度的首要因素。(2)髋关节角速度对起跳高度的影响相较于膝、踝关节角速度更为密切。(3)垂直蹬伸力峰值是起跳高度的必要而不充分条件。

Objective ： To find the key biomechanical factors affecting jump height by testing the biomechanical indicators of lower extremity of female basketball players in stop -jump tasks. Methods： 17 female collegiate basket- ball players were recruited from competitive sports institute of Beijing Sports University. Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic data of the joints of low extremity were collected simultaneously using 3 - D Motion Analysis Raptor-4 system and Kistler force plate when participants executed stop -jump tasks. Gray relational analysis was used to identify the relationships between biomechanical indicators and jump height in female basketball players. Results： the effect of biomechanical factors on jump height are ranked as follows： center of gravity peak vertical velocity 〉 hip peak angular velocity 〉 knee peak angular velocity 〉 takeoff time 〉 ankle peak angular velocity 〉 peak vertical takeoff force. Conclusions ： （ 1 ） Among the factors influencing jump height, center of gravity peak vertical velocity is the primary factor. （ 2 ） Hip angular velocity has a strong effect on jump height than knee angular velocity and ankle angular velocity. （ 3 ） Peak vertical takeoff force is necessary but not sufficient for jump height.