摘要
汉语体貌标记"了"不是强制性的,对外汉语教学语法,应明确告诉学生哪些句法结构在哪种语义环境下必须加,或不能加,或可加可不加。文章根据考察总结出一些必须加"了"的句法语义条件,不能加"了"以及可加可不加的句法语义条件。指出简单动词谓语句是否加"了1"的主要制约因素是动词的语义特征;动词带有[+实现]的语义特征时,制约或影响"了1"的出现;结果补语制约或影响"了1"的出现;有的句法结构是否加"了"决定因素在于句子的语义,如"太+形容词"句子。证明了书面语使用"了"的频率明显低于口语中使用"了"的频率。
The aspect marker le（了）is not obligatory in Chinese,so teachers who teach grammar to foreign students should precisely explain in what constructions or semantic contexts the le（了）should or should not be used,or when it can be used optionally.Based on the collected data,this paper points out some syntactical and semantic constraints such as the semantic features with[＋accomplish]of verbs,resultative complement and some syntactic restrictions.It also proves that le（了）is used less in written language than in oral language.
作者
丁崇明
荣晶
DING Ohong-ming;Rong Jing(Collcgc of Chinese Languagc and Culture Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》
2018年第4期1-9,共9页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)
基金
国家社科基金项目"外国学生汉语体貌成分习得研究"的阶段性成果(13BYY093)
"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"资助(SKZZY2014070)
关键词
“了”
制约因素
使用规则
句法条件
语义条件
＂le＂（了）
restriction factor
usage rules
syntactic constraints
semantic constraints
semantic features
oral language
written language
