低剂量螺旋CT在肺结节诊断中的临床应用

Clinical application of low-dose spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules

目的研究多层螺旋CT胸部低剂量扫描在肺结节诊断中的应用价值。方法选取130例肺结节患者为研究对象,行常规剂量扫描后再行低剂量扫描。分析两种检查方法对病变的显示能力及诊断结果,记录两组扫描的CTDIvoi及DLP,并计算受检者接受的有效剂量(ED)。结果通过低剂量和常规剂量的检查方法分别检出肺结节183枚和185枚,两种剂量检查得到肺结节数量相差不大。肺结节主要特征为胸膜粘连、支气管征、毛刺征、空洞和钙化等,常规剂量及低剂量CT扫描的各征象数量比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);常规剂量与低剂量扫描X线剂量测定的CTDIvoi分别为9.78、1.62 mGy。低剂量扫描的DLP和ED明显低于常规剂量扫描(P<0.05)。结论低剂量多层螺旋CT胸部扫描与常规剂量扫描对肺结节患者的临床诊断价值相似,且明显降低了受检者的辐射剂量,是临床筛查肺结节的首选方法。

Objective To study the application value of low-dose multi-slice spiral CT chest scan in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Methods A total of 130 patients with pulmonary nodules were chosen and received regular dose scan and low-dose scan. The ability of two examination methods to display lesions and diagnosis results were analyzed, the CTDIvois and DLP of the two methods were recorded, and the effective doses（EDs） that subjects received were calculated.Results A total of 183 and 185 lung nodules were detected by low-dose and regular dose scan respectively, the difference was not significant. The main features of pulmonary nodules were pleural adhesions, bronchial signs, burrs, cavities and calcification, the difference in the number of signs between regular dose scan and low-dose scan was not significant（P0.05）; CTDIvois of the regular dose scan and low-dose scan were 9.78 and 1.62 mGy respectively. DLP and ED by low-dose scans were significantly lower than those by regular dose scans（P0.05）. Conclusion The low-dose multi-slice spiral CT chest scan is similar with regular dose scan in clinical diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, and it can reduce the radiation dosage to patients, which can be the first choice in clinic to discriminate the pulmonary nodules.