俄罗斯联邦高等法学教育改革

The Reform of Higher Legal Education in Russian Federation

高等法学教育在法治国家建设进程中具有举足轻重的地位。苏联高等法学教育具有重意识形态、多工农子女、多函授形式、实用主义浓厚、学制长学位少等特点。苏联解体后,俄罗斯联邦在建设法治国家以及加入博洛尼亚进程的背景下,高等法学教育经历了初步重建、全盘西化到回归自省的发展阶段,对课程结构和教学内容进行了去意识形态化的改革,推动教育体制的市场化进程,实施学制学位的双轨制改革,完善质量管理体系,多次修订法学专业的联邦国家教育标准,缩减函授教育形式。俄罗斯联邦的这些高等法学教育改革举措,给处于社会转型与全面依法治国背景下的当代中国高等法学教育提供了有益的借鉴。

Higher legal education plays a decisive role in the process of building a country under the rule of law. In the Soviet Union the higher legal education has the characteristics of emphasizing ideology,more worker and farmer students,more teaching by correspondence,strong pragmatism,longer schooling years and less degrees. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,in the context of building a rule-of-law country and joining the Bologna process,Russian Federation＇s higher legal education has undergone the stages of preliminary reconstruction,full westernization and self introspection. Russia has carried out de-ideological reform on curriculum structure and teaching content,promoted the process of marketization of the educational system,implemented the double track reform in the academic degree and the length of schooling,improved the quality management system,revised the Federal National Educational Standards on the major of law,and reduced the amount of correspondence education. These reform measures of higher legal education in Russian Federation provide a useful reference for the higher legal education in contemporary China under the background of social transformation and comprehensive promotion of the rule of law.