谁获得了更多的农业补贴——基于农业补贴对土地租金的影响研究

Who Really Benefits from Agricultural Subsidies?——An Empirical Evidence Based on Income Distribution Effect of Direct Subsidy in Agriculture

随着三权分置改革创新、农村土地流转加快,土地承包者和土地经营者角色开始分化,探究农业直接补贴资金通过地租如何在两者之间分配具有重要的现实意义。通过利用2009年和2012年的全国农村固定观察点的农户数据分析了农业补贴的分配效应,研究发现:土地承包者并没有获得全部的补贴资金,而是从事农业生产的农户获得了大部分补贴。补贴每增加1元,通过土地租金下降使土地经营者获得0.76-0.82元;经营规模也会影响补贴的分配效应,当经营规模增加一倍时,土地经营者多获得0.27元;不同地区的补贴分配效应也存在差异,补贴每增加1元,粮食主产区与非主产区的土地经营者分别获得0.73元、0.92元。

With the continuous promotion of the separation of the three rights of rural land,the roles of land contractors and land managers begin to differentiate. It is of great practical significance to explore how the agricultural subsidies are distributed between the two parties. This paper analyzes the incidence of agricultural subsidies using the data of rural fixed observation points in 2009 and 2012.The results show that the land contractors did not receive the full subsidies,but the farmers who engaged in agricultural production received most of the subsidies. Our estimates suggest an incidence of -0.82 to -0.76,which indicates that farmers capture 0.76-0.82 yuan of the marginal subsidy. The incidence varies by the farm size. It falls by 0.27 yuan when doubling total operated scale and it is also different among different areas. Farmers of main grain producing areas and non-major grain producing areas received 0.73 yuan and 0.92 yuan of the marginal subsidy respectively.