影子教育治理的国际经验与启示

International Experience and Enlightenment of the Governance of Shadow Education

世界各地政府基于影子教育是否增进社会福利、是否加剧不平等、是否影响学校教育等基本考虑,对影子教育采取了不同的态度和治理政策。一般治理政策都会包括机构登记注册及其基本要求、人员聘用、学费、税收、监督与奖惩等内容。政府需要以评估影子教育影响的性质和程度作为政策基础,以影子教育驱动力的识别作为政策方向,以寻求各方合作作为政策手段,以提高学校教育质量作为根本,实现治理目标。对我国而言,影子教育需要政府治理,而治理的主要内容是规范市场,当下规范重点是控制提前教育和应试教育、保障教育公平,治理的根本还在于提供满足异质性需求、实现人人成才的学校教育。

Based on the impacts of shadow education on social welfare, social equality and school education, local governments may take different attitudes and management policies on shadow education. The contents of governance generally include the institution registration and its basic requirements, staff recruitment, tuition fees, taxes, supervision, reward and punishment. The government needs to evaluate the nature and extent of the influence of shadow education as the policy basis, and take the identification of the driving force for shadow education as the policy direction, so as to seek cooperation among all sides as the policy tool and regarding improving the quality of school education as the fundamental purpose. For our country, shadow education needs government governance reforms, and the main contents of governance are to regulate the shadow education market, the present focus is to control the advanced education,examination-oriented education, and ensure educational equity, the fundamental move is to provide public school education that meets the needs of heterogeneity and make everyone to be successful.