日本民办教育培训行业自律模式探析——以全国学习塾协会为例

The Pattern of Self-Regulation in Private Tutoring in Japan: From the Perspective of Juku Association

全国学习塾协会在日本民办教育培训综合治理中发挥着行为指引的作用。该协会以市场需求为导向,相继开展了"软性"规范的制定和讲师、学习塾以及安心塾的认证等工作。在规范方面,协会的规范体系由内部管理规范、学员权益保护规范以及认证工作规范等组成。在认证方面,讲师认证由协会组织笔试和模拟授课,重点解决讲师的教学能力缺乏客观评价的问题;学习塾认证由协会通过现场勘验的方式对学习塾运营服务水平进行评价;安心塾认证则由协会通过文件审核和现场评估的方式对学习塾雇佣关系情况进行评估。中国应从制定民办教育培训管理细则、厘清民办教育培训行业协会角色、优化民办教育培训行业协会系统等方面,完善民办教育培训行业自律体系。

Japan Juku Association plays critical role of guiding participants in the comprehensive governance of private tutoring in Japan. The market-oriented Japan Juku Association is specialized in setting directive criteria of private tutoring management and certifying the lecturers and Jukus. In respect of setting criteria, the standard system of the association is composed of standards on internal management, the protection of students＇ rights and interests, the certification and so on. In respect of certification, lecturer certification is organized by the association in ways of written and simulated teaching exams as to address the lack of objective evaluation of lecturers＇ teaching skills. Jukus＇ service level is evaluated through the way of investigation at the scene by the association. The certification concerning high quality Jukus is carried out by the association by means of document review and on-site assessment to evaluate Jukus＇ employment relationship. In order to improve the self-regulation system concerning private tutoring, China should formulate detailed rules for private tutoring management, clarify the role of private tutoring association and optimize the system of private tutoring association.