如何跨越“高位波动陷阱”——提高义务教育巩固率的国际比较研究

How to Break Through the “High Fluctuation Trap” ?——International Comparative Study on Improving Retention Rate of Compulsory Education

巩固率作为义务教育完成情况的核心指标,代表了国家的教育发展水平。随着我国义务教育巩固率的逐年提高,陷入"高位波动陷阱"的风险加大,要实现2020年达到95%的目标将面临严峻挑战。从教育发展历程来看,许多国家在特定阶段都曾陷入"高位波动陷阱"。以美国、英国、法国、日本、韩国为研究对象,分析了"高位波动陷阱"的发生机制。这些国家为了跨越陷阱,在重视早期教育、建立问责制度、注重补齐短板等方面进行了有效探索。这对我国提高义务教育巩固率具有重要的启示意义,应以系统思维发展义务教育,构建从早期教育到义务教育再到后义务教育阶段的完整体系。

The educational consolidation rate as an indicator for completing compulsory education represents the level of education development. With the increase of consolidation rate, the risk of falling into ＂high fluctuation trap＂ is increasing. To achieve the target of reaching 95% in 2020 will face severe challenge. From the perspective of educational development, many countries suffered ＂high fluctuation trap＂ in certain stage. This paper takes the United States, Britain, France, Japan and South Korea as the research object, to analyze the mechanism of ＂high fluctuation trap＂. In order to break through the traps, these countries have taken following measures such as attaching importance to early education, establishing the system of accountability, and paying attention to overcoming the shortcomings. These experiences have important significance for our country to improve the consolidation rate of compulsory education. We should develop compulsory education systematically. That means to construct a complete system from early education to compulsory education and to post compulsory education.