德国跨国高等教育:动因、模式与特征

Transnational Higher Education in Germany:Motivation, Model and Characteristics

近年来,德国跨国高等教育在联邦教育与科研部资助、德意志学术交流中心主导下快速发展。德国跨国高等教育可以分为与国外高校联合开设专业、建立德国高校支持的本土高校、设立大学海外分校或研究所、设立德资海外独立高校四种模式。德国跨国高等教育的发展有着不同于英美澳等国的特点,更具有国家战略色彩、专业设置以工科和自然科学专业为主、教学和科研相结合。在新的国际环境下,德国跨国高等教育也面临激烈的市场竞争,在项目运行中出现了一些问题。

In recent years, the transnational higher education in Germany has been developing rapidly under the auspices of the Federal Ministry of Education and Scientific Research and the German Academic Exchange Center. The transnational higher education in Germany can be divided into four modes： cooperatively establishing a major, establishing a local university supported by German universities, an overseas branch campus or institute of a German university, and establishing a German-funded overseas independent university. The transnational higher education in Germany has the characteristics that are different from those in other countries like Britain, the United States and Australia. It has been seen as a national strategy, and the major setting mainly consists of engineering and natural sciences, and pays attention to combination of teaching and research. In the new international environment, transnational higher education in Germany is also facing fierce market competition, and some problems have appeared in the operation of the project.