不同覆盖方式对马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Potato

依靠不同覆盖栽培方式对马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响研究,旨在探明陕北黄土旱作区不同覆盖方式增产增效的光合生理基础。通过2a(2012-2013)田间定位试验,采用垄膜覆盖(LM)、双沟覆膜(GM)、全膜覆盖(QM)、秸秆覆盖(JG)和露地(CK)5种覆盖栽培方式,测定分析马铃薯净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2摩尔分数(Ci)、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)和产量变化。结果表明:在马铃薯盛花期,P_n、T_r、G_s均值均表现为JG>QM>LM>GM>CK,Ci为JG>LM>QM>GM>CK,WUE为LM>GM>CK>QM>JG。其中,JG、QM、LM、GM的Pn分别较CK增加4.79%、1.84%、0.69%、0.29%,WUE分别较CK平均增加-8.15%、-1.30%、7.96%、2.59%;JG、QM、LM及GM分别比CK平均增产19.75%、8.95%、7.00%及-0.25%。综上表明,秸秆覆盖栽培方式可作为陕北旱作区推荐的马铃薯抗旱栽培方式。

In order to select the optimal mulching method in the dry farming region in loess and hilly areas of Northern Shaanxi,we studied the effects of straw and plastic film mulching on photosynthetic characteristics and yield in potato.More than two years of field experiment（from 2012 to 2013）,we conducted five mulching treatments of ridge mulching（LM）,double channels mulching（GM）,double ridge mulching（QM）,straw mulching（JG）and bare land（CK）,to analyze the changes of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）,stomatal conductance（Gs）,inter-cellular CO2 concentration（Ci）and the final yield of potato.The results showed that：（1）During the full-bloom stage,the mean values of Pn,Tr,Gs were JG〉QM〉LM〉GM〉CK,Ciwas JG〉LM〉QM〉GM〉CK,and WUE was LM〉GM〉CK〉QM〉JG.The value of Pnin the JG,QM,LM and GM were 4.79%,1.84%,0.69%,0.29% higher than that in the CK,respectively,and the value of WUEin the JG,QM,LM and GM were-8.15%,-1.30%,7.96% and 2.59% higher than that in the CK,respectively.（2）The yield in the treatment of JG,QM,LM and GM were 19.75%,8.95%,7.00% and-0.25% higher than that of CK,respectively.The paper tried to provide comprehensive analysis of relationship between the photosynthetic characteristics and the yield of potato by the different mulching methods.In conclusion,the straw mulching is the best dry farming cultivation methods in the dry farming region in loess and hilly area of Northern Shaanxi.