西北内陆河山区流域内循环过程与机理研究：现状与挑战

Study on Water Internal Recycle Process and Mechanism in Typical Mountain Areas of Inland Basins,Northwest China: Progress and Challenge

山区水资源及其变化对于中国西北干旱区的绿洲经济系统和生态系统具有重要意义,准确认识山区流域中不同下垫面(冰川、冻土、积雪、森林带、草甸带等)中植被—土壤—大气中水分的迁移和循环过程既是寒旱区水研究的基本问题,也是开展寒旱区水资源精细化管理和调控的基础。目前国内外对山区不同下垫面的水文功能、流域水文过程等已有较好的研究积累,但对流域内不同下垫面之间水分在土壤—植被—大气之间的内循环过程的认识才刚刚开始,对于内循环的机制及内循环在流域水文过程中作用的定量研究还处于探索阶段,也面临诸多挑战。国家自然科学基金重点项目"西北内陆河山区流域水文内循环过程及机理研究"拟选择具有较好观测基础和资料积累的阿克苏河山区流域和疏勒河山区流域为研究对象,通过对不同下垫面的径流小区试验,植被水分、土壤水分和大气水分的同位素示踪与解析,不同下垫面蒸散发的地面观测和遥感反演,区域气候模式与陆面水文模式的耦合,以及再分析资料的水汽通量分析,获取不同下垫面的水汽交换特征和输移过程,识别大气中水汽输移路径,从而系统分析不同下垫面对山区水文过程的作用及其对中下游绿洲的影响,为深入理解我国西北内陆河流域的水循环过程提供科学支撑。

The water resource and its change of mountainous area are very important to the oasis economic sys- tem and ecosystem in the arid areas of northwest China. Accurately understanding the water transfer and circulation process among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere over different hydrological units in mountainous areas such as snow and ice, cold desert, forest and grassland is the basic scientific issue of water research in cold and arid regions, which is also the basis of water resource delicacy management and regulation. There are many research results on the hydrological function of different land covers in mountain areas, basin hydrological processes, however, there are only very limited studies on the water internal recycle at basin scale. The quantitative study on the mechanism of water internal recycle is still at the starting stage, which faces many challenges. The key project ＂Study on water in- ternal recycle processes and mechanism in typical mountain areas of inland basins, Northwest China＂ funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China will select the Aksu River and Shule River Basin, which have better observation basis, as study area. The internal mechanism of moisture transfer and exchange process of different land cover and atmosphere, the internal mechanism of water cycle in the basin, and water transfer paths in atmosphere will be studied through enhancing runoff plot experiments on different land cover, analyzing the mechanism of water vapor transfer and exchange between different land covers in the watershed by isotope tracing on the water vapor flux of vegetation water, soil moisture and atmospheric moisture, improving the algorithms of remote sensing inversion and ground verification on land surface evapotranspiration on different land cover, and analyzing the water vapor flux from reanalysis data, and the coupling modeling of regional climate model and land surface process model. At last, the effect of different land cover in hydrological process of mountain area, and the impact of land cover on downstream oasis will be systematically analyzed.