阴离子-萘四酸双酰亚胺相互作用及其应用

Anion-Naphthalenediimide Interactions and Their Applications

萘四酸双酰亚胺(NDI)具有较大的正四极矩,是探索阴离子-π相互作用的理想π酸性芳香体系。阴离子-NDI相互作用的机制和应用受到了广泛关注,利用阴离子-NDI电子转移导致的NDI体系的颜色变化或光谱学变化实现阴离子识别,已经成为一种有效的离子识别传感器设计策略,尤其在强碱性阴离子识别方面,由于形成易于辨识的自由基阴离子相关UV谱带而展现出了独特的优势。本文综述了近年来阴离子-NDI相互作用的机制、作用模式及其在阴离子识别、对映体识别、有机催化和离子通道构建中的应用研究进展,兼顾基于孤对电子-π相互作用的中性分子-NDI相互作用研究,讨论了NDI结构与阴离子-π相互作用及应用的功能相关性。本文最后展望了阴离子-NDI体系构建及应用研究面临的挑战与未来发展趋势。

Electron-poor naphthalenediimides（ NDIs） with large quadrupole moments and strong π-acidity have been extensively studied as ideal models to gain deep insights into anion-π interactions. The development of anion-NDI systems have attracted considerable attention with efforts on mechanisms and applications of the systems. Anion-to-NDI electron transfer induced by anion-π interactions in the system usually results in colorimetric change or the formation of characteristic spectra bands,which have become a convenient and efficient tactic for the design of anion sensors. Particularly,NDIs have shown distinct advantages in recognition of strong Lewis basic anions with the formation of easily identified UV bands corresponding to radical anions of NDIs. The paper surveys researches on anion-DNI interactions in recent years. The paper firstly presents the interactions and structures of anion-NDI systems, then extensively reviews the applications of anion-NDI interations in anion recognition,enantiomer recognition,organocatalysis,and construction of anion channel. The interactions of NDI with neutral molecules based on lone electron pair-π interactions are also included. The functional relevance of anion-π interactions is demonstrated upon the discussion of the developments and wide applications of anion-NDI systems. Finally,this paper summarizes the strategies and challenges in development of application-oriented anion-NDI systems and draws perspectives of anion-NDI interactions in fundamental studies and wide applications.