动量补语的语法功能扩张

Functional Extension of Verb Classifier Complements

动量补语在汉语中除了能表达事件的数量之外,还能表达事件的情状,或是行为主体的情感或意志。首先,汉语动补结构的出现使得"质的有界"这一含义转移至补语,而那些不含"质的有界"的情状,即活动/迭代,就不得不向"量"这一维度寻求有界性的实现,这是导致汉语多用动量补语的原因。其次,活动/迭代情状中大多数情况都是主观可控的事件,动量补语和这类动词大量共现,使得主体的主观情感或意志义转移到了动量补语之中。也就是说,不管是情状义还是情感意志义,动量补语的语法含义都是从与之共现的动词中转移而来。

Aside from the frequency of events, verb classifier complements may also express the situation type of the event, otherwise emotion or volition of the agent. The rise of resultative complements in Chinese promoted the semantic transition of qualitative boundedness from verbs to complements. For those situations that are qualitatively unbounded, i.e. Activities and Semelfactives, they have to turn to the quantitive dimension for the realization of boundedness, which causes frequent usages of verb classifier complements in Chinese. Furthermore, most of these two situations are events that are controllable by the agent, massive collocations with such verbs promoted the emotional/volitional semantics of these verbs transmitting to the verb classifier complements. Therefore, either the aspectual or subjective meaning of verb classifier complements comes from the verbs collocating with them.