儿童金属汞中毒的毒理及诊疗研究进展

Research progress on toxicology,clinical diagnosis and treatment of metallic mercury intoxication in children

金属汞在人类生活生产中用途广泛,但对人体可造成不同程度的毒性损害。金属汞主要以汞蒸气的形态经呼吸道进入体内引起中毒,亦可经皮肤接触、皮下、肌肉和静脉注射吸收,消化道吸收甚微,主要蓄积在脑干、小脑和肾脏,引起中枢神经系统损伤和肾脏损伤,可通过金属螯合剂驱汞、血液透析、血浆置换和手术切除治疗,同时需监测各系统损伤的修复。本文主要介绍儿童金属汞中毒的毒理机制、临床表现和诊疗进展。

Metallic mercury is widely used in human′s life,but it can cause different toxicity damage to human′s body.Metallic mercury mainly enters body through respiratory tract in the form of mercury vapor.It can also be absorbed through the skin,subcutaneously,intramuscularly,and intravenously,and the absorption the digestive tract is negligible.It mainly accumulates in the brain stem,cerebellum and kidney,causing damage to the central nervous system and kidney.Mercury poisoning can be treated with metal chelators,hemodialysis,plasma exchange and surgical resection,and meantime monitoring the repair of various system injuries.The toxicological mechanism,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment progress of metallic mercury intoxication in children is discussed in this paper.