诺如病毒疫情中的环境样品病毒污染调查

Investigation of environmental sample virus contamination in the norovirus epidemic

目的对荆门市发生诺如病毒疫情的2所托幼机构环境样品进行病毒污染监测,掌握诺如病毒在各类环境样品中的污染状况,为托幼机构针对诺如病毒疫情发病早期的消毒及卫生管理工作提供依据。方法根据中国疾病预防控制中心《关于印发诺如病毒感染暴发调查和预防控制技术指南(2015版)》中的实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法,对幼儿园患儿的生物样本及食品、水质、食饮具、卫生用品、玩具、拖把、门帘、水龙头等环境样品的诺如病毒核酸进行检测。结果丝袜袋装肥皂病毒阳性率为63.64%(7/11),拖把阳性率为50.00%(5/10),饮水杯阳性率为44.44%(4/9),厕所门帘阳性率为40.00%(2/5),玩具阳性率为22.22%(2/9),水龙头阳性率为16.67%(1/6),餐具阳性率为11.11%(1/9),食品阳性率为8.33%(1/12),门把手和饮用水阳性率为0.00%(0/6)。结论发生诺如病毒聚集性疫情幼儿园的丝袜袋装肥皂、拖把、水杯、厕所门帘等样品受到较为严重的诺如病毒污染,应以这些样品为重点对象,合理制订消毒措施,早期控制诺如病毒聚集性疫情,防止诺如病毒疫情的进一步蔓延和爆发。

Objective To monitor virus pollution of environmental samples of 2 kindergartens where norovirus outbreaks occurred in Jingmen city,in order to provide evidence for the early disinfection and health management in the early stage of norovirus epidemic. Method According to real time PCR（RT-PCR）method published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention（2015 Edition）,norovirus nucleic acid in biological samples of kindergarten patients,food,water,tableware,sanitary products,toys,mop,door curtain,water stopcocks and other environmental samples were collected and tested. Results The positive rate of norovirus were 63.64%（7/11）in stockings with soap bags;50.00%（5/10）in mop;44.44%（4/9）in cups;40.00%（2/5）in door curtain;22.22%（2/9）in toys;16.67%（1/6）in water stopcocks;11.11%（1/9）in tableware;8.33%（1/12）in food;0.00%（0/6）in doorknob and drinking water. Conclusions Stockings with soap bags,mop,cups,door curtain and other environmental samples are prone to be contaminated by norovirus when norovirus epidemic occurs in kindergartens.It is suggested to focus on these areas and make reasonable disinfection measures,in order to prevent further spread and outbreak of norovirus.