再议气候正义中的历史责任追究——历史责任的界定、合理与限度

On the Historical Responsibility for Climate Justice

在气候正义研究中,清晰界定历史责任是分析的前提。"历史责任"应当特指在发达国家开始不公正排放且发展中国家并未超过基本排放额度的时段产生的,发达国家应该承担的不公正排放责任。基于罗斯显见义务论中的赔偿义务,追究历史责任是合理的,任何试图反对追究历史责任的论调都是逃避责任的借口。历史责任是有限度的,澄清历史责任的限度需要从两个角度出发:在时间层面上,历史责任仅包括"历史"时段中的不公正排放责任;在义务层面上,历史责任是个人对其所有排放物的清理责任。

In the field of climate justice,clearly defined historical responsibility is the premise of research.Specifically,"Historical responsibility"is responsibility should be beard by developed countries for their injustice over emissions,which occurred during period that developing countries’emissions were below the basic level.In terms of the compensatory obligations in Ross’s prima facie obligations theory,it’s reasonable to hold historical responsibility accountable.Besides,any argument that attempts to refute"Historical responsibility"is an excuse of escaping.Historical responsibility should be limited and could be clarified at two levels.At the time level,historical responsibility is only the responsibility arising from injustice over emissions of developed countries.At the obligation level,historical responsibility is the responsibility of individuals to clean up all their emissions.